Patrick Zheng

Hi, I'm Patrick.
I work on autonomous platforms and robotic systems.

ECE and CS student working on autonomous underwater vehicles, surgical robotics research, and production software.

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Surgical Robotics
Full Stack Engineering
Automated Data Pipelines
Modular Systems Architecture

Selected Work

Featured Projects

Duke Robotics · Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Robot-Agnostic DesignModular Sensors ConfigPlug-and-Play Electronics

Developed modular electrical architecture, ROS 2 automation, sonar computer vision, and controls systems for Duke Robotics' RoboSub autonomous underwater vehicles.

PCB DesignROS 2PythonOpenCVKalman Filter

Context

RoboSub is an international competition where autonomous underwater vehicles complete submerged missions: navigating courses, identifying objects, and manipulating targets without remote control. Each run is fully autonomous, robots must make every decision on their own from sensor inputs, with no human guidance during the mission.

Approach

Led system design for the club's newest competition robot with plug-and-play PCB electrical architecture and modular sensor configuration in software. Built a robot-agnostic ROS 2 stack for sensor communication and developed sonar-based computer vision for underwater object detection.

Result

Duke Robotics reached RoboSub finals for the first time and placed 7th out of 58 teams in 2025, with 3rd place for the technical report and 5th for the team website. The club's next robot will debut in 2027.

Roblox logo

Roblox Profile Insights System

Data PipelinesReal-TimeCross-Platform

In a 12-week internship, built and shipped a production full-stack profile insights feature combining batch data processing, real-time updates, and cross-platform UI.

C#SQLgRPCRedis BloomA/B TestingAirflow

Context

Profile insights are small pieces of information on a user's profile, such as mutual friend count, that help players learn about each other. Roblox theorized that showing the game two users play together most often could help new users find higher-quality friends; my project was to integrate this new insight into the existing profile insights system.

Approach

Worked with PMs to define the product, then built a solution combining batch offline processing with fast real-time updates. Implemented backend services, data pipelines, and cross-platform UI surfacing recent viewer interaction and the most frequently played game between the viewer and the profile being viewed.

Result

Shipped to production and validated through cross-platform testing across desktop, mobile, and VR, followed by an A/B experiment to measure engagement impact.

Compact Tension Sensing Unit for Surgical Robots

$5K → $150Force SensingSmall-Scale Design

Designed and built a compact force-sensing unit for tendon-driven surgical robots, reducing a roughly $5,000 commercial sensor to a custom solution around $150 that is mass-manufacturable at small scale.

Fusion 360FDM/SLA Printing

Context

Tendon-driven surgical continuum robots need real-time tension feedback for closed-loop control, but commercial load cells cost thousands of dollars and have long lead times that slow prototyping.

Approach

Designed and calibrated a compact tendon tension measurement unit using standard, easily obtainable components and 3D-printed housing. Optimized the design for low cost, short fabrication lead time, and mass-manufacturability at small scale.

Result

Reduced approximate sensor cost from $5,000 to $150 and lead time by about 90%. Presented at ISMR 2025; the design is compatible with the TACTER surgical robot actuation system.

TACTER · Tendon-Actuated Surgical Robot

Continuum RoboticsEndonasal ProcedureMinimally Invasive Surgery

Co-designed actuation systems for a tendon-actuated concentric tube endonasal robot for minimally invasive surgery.

Fusion 360FDM/SLA PrintingEmbedded Systems

Context

Minimally invasive endonasal surgery requires continuum robots that can navigate delicate anatomical paths while providing precise, tendon-driven actuation and force feedback.

Approach

Co-designed multi-material actuation systems for a tendon-actuated concentric tube endonasal robot, focusing on tendon routing and actuator compactness, optimized for size within identified constraints.

Result

Contributed to a system validated through phantom and cadaver experiments, successfully navigating from the nostril to the sphenoid sinus. Published as co-author in the Journal of Medical Robotics Research.

Square Game · 50 MHz FPGA CPU

Custom 50 MHz CPUMotion Controls

Designed a 5-stage pipelined processor in Verilog running at 50 MHz, then built a motion-controlled game with VGA output, accelerometer input, and scoring on a 7-segment display.

VerilogMIPSFPGAVivadoAssembly

Context

A computer architecture project to design a working processor from scratch and run real interactive software on FPGA hardware built around a custom CPU.

Approach

Designed a 5-stage pipelined processor with custom ALU, multiplication and division support, VGA display output, accelerometer input, and 7-segment display scoring. Wrote game logic, custom CPU instructions, background music, and scoring programs in assembly.

Result

Delivered a fully functional motion-controlled game running at 50 MHz on FPGA hardware, with the software compilable via Vivado for fast launch onto FPGA boards.

Tiger compiler pipeline from source to MIPS assembly
Reference Book Cover

Tiger Compiler

MIPS GenerationCode OptimizationEnd-to-End Pipeline

Built a complete end-to-end Tiger compiler in SML/NJ for a course based on Andrew Appel's Modern Compiler Implementation in ML, spanning parsing, semantic analysis, intermediate representations, and MIPS code generation.

SML/NJType CheckingIR GenerationRegister AllocationMIPS

Context

Compiler construction requires translating a high-level language through multiple formal stages, from syntax and types to executable machine code, while maintaining correctness at each stage. The project followed Andrew Appel's Tiger language and pipeline as presented in Modern Compiler Implementation in ML.

Approach

Built a Tiger language compiler in functional programming with SML/NJ, implementing parsing, typechecking, intermediate representation generation, instruction selection, liveness analysis, register allocation, and optimization techniques.

Result

Delivered a working compiler backend pipeline that generates MIPS assembly from Tiger source programs, with register allocation optimizations including coalescing and freezing to reduce spill code.

Roblox logo

Roblox Public Ads Library

Legal CompliancePublic SearchMulti-Format Ads

Designing a full-stack ads transparency platform required by legal compliance: a public, unauthenticated site surfacing all ads served on Roblox within the past year, built to support multiple types of ads.

KafkaElasticsearchC#SQLAirflowNext.js

Context

Legal requirements mandate a public, unauthenticated website showing every ad served on the Roblox platform within the past year. The system must be efficient and extensible as new ad formats are added.

Approach

Designing the full-stack architecture: data pipelines ingesting ads, Kafka queues for reliable event processing, Elasticsearch indices for search and retrieval, and backend services to serve the dataset. Building a public Next.js frontend for browsing and filtering ads.

Result

Platform in active development; the public website has not launched yet.

Impact

Highlights

A few milestones from recent projects and research.

RoboSubfinals · 2025

Duke Robotics

Reached finals at the international RoboSub competition.

Customforce sensor

Surgical Robotics

Built a low-cost tension sensor for tendon-driven robot prototyping.

50 MHzFPGA CPU

Square Game

Five-stage pipelined processor running a motion-controlled game.

Robloxinternship

Profile Insights

Full-stack feature I built and shipped during a software engineering internship.

Focus

What I Work On

Robotics Autonomy

Mission planning, perception, state estimation, and field-tested robot software.

ROS 2PythonOpenCVC++EKFComputer Vision

Hardware + Electrical

PCB design, embedded systems, sensor integration, enclosure design, and rapid debugging.

KiCadAltiumPCB DesignEmbedded CSolderingOscilloscope

Surgical Robotics

Continuum robot actuation, tendon tension sensing, calibration, and human-centered robotic interfaces.

Force SensingTendon ActuationContinuum RobotsMATLABFusion 360

Backend + Data Systems

Production services, high-throughput data pipelines, experimentation, and user-facing insights.

C#PythonSQLgRPCProtobufRedis BloomAirflowA/B Testing

Computer Architecture + Compilers

Custom CPUs, FPGA systems, compiler internals, register allocation, and low-level code generation.

VerilogMIPSFPGASML/NJTigerRegister Allocation

Progression

Timeline

2019–2022Robotics

First Tech Challenge

Built competition robots with autonomous navigation, odometry, and vision-based field detection.

Summer 2022Education

MIT Beaver Works Summer Institute

Autonomous robotics program with drone perception, AR tag tracking, and computer vision.

Fall 2023Robotics

Joined Duke Robotics

Started on the AUV team, working on perception, autonomy, and underwater systems.

Spring 2024Research

Brain Tool Lab — Surgical Robotics

Joined Duke's Brain Tool Lab to work on sensing and actuation for continuum surgical robots.

Fall 2024Hardware

Square Game · FPGA CPU

Designed a 5-stage pipelined CPU in Verilog and built a motion-controlled game on FPGA hardware.

Fall 2024Robotics

RoboSub 2024 · Oogway

Contributed to Duke Robotics' AUV for RoboSub 2024, including electrical and autonomy work.

Spring 2025Research

Compact Tension Sensing Unit · ISMR

Presented first-author work on a low-cost tension sensor for tendon-driven surgical robots.

Spring 2025Research

TACTER · Surgical Robot

Co-designed actuation systems for a tendon-actuated concentric tube endonasal robot; published in JMRR.

Summer 2025Industry

Roblox SWE Intern

Built a full-stack profile insights feature with backend services, data pipelines, and cross-platform testing.

Summer 2025Robotics

RoboSub 2025 · Duke Robotics

Duke Robotics reached finals at RoboSub for the first time, our best finish to date.

Spring 2026Systems

Tiger Compiler

Built a complete compiler for Andrew Appel's Tiger language through parsing, IR generation, and MIPS codegen.

Summer 2026Industry

Roblox Public Ads Library

Designing a full-stack ads transparency platform for legal compliance: data pipelines, Kafka, Elasticsearch, and a public Next.js site that is not yet launched.

Contact

Let's build something.

I'm interested in research collaborations, engineering roles, and ambitious projects at the intersection of robotics, hardware, and software. Reach out anytime.